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// Copyright (c) 2003 Daniel Wallin and Arvid Norberg

// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
// to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
// the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
// and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
// ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
// TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
// PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
// SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
// ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
// ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE
// OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


#ifndef LUABIND_POLICY_HPP_INCLUDED
#define LUABIND_POLICY_HPP_INCLUDED

#include <luabind/config.hpp>

#include <typeinfo>
#include <string>

#include <boost/type_traits/is_enum.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/is_array.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/bool.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/integral_c.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/equal_to.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/eval_if.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/or.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/add_reference.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/is_pointer.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/is_base_and_derived.hpp>
#include <boost/bind/arg.hpp>
#include <boost/limits.hpp>
#include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>
#include <boost/version.hpp>

#include <luabind/detail/class_registry.hpp>
#include <luabind/detail/primitives.hpp>
#include <luabind/detail/object_rep.hpp>
#include <luabind/detail/typetraits.hpp>
#include <luabind/detail/class_cache.hpp>
#include <luabind/detail/debug.hpp>
#include <luabind/detail/class_rep.hpp>

#include <boost/type_traits/add_reference.hpp>

#include <luabind/detail/decorate_type.hpp>
#include <luabind/weak_ref.hpp>
#include <luabind/back_reference_fwd.hpp>

#include <luabind/value_wrapper.hpp>
#include <luabind/from_stack.hpp>

namespace luabind
{
	namespace detail
	{
		struct conversion_policy_base {};
	}

	template<int N, bool HasArg = true>
	struct conversion_policy : detail::conversion_policy_base
	{
		BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(int, index = N);
		BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, has_arg = HasArg);
	};

	class index_map
	{
	public:
		index_map(const int* m): m_map(m) {}

		int operator[](int index) const
		{
			return m_map[index];
		}

	private:
		const int* m_map;
	};

	namespace converters
	{
		using luabind::detail::yes_t;
		using luabind::detail::no_t;
		using luabind::detail::by_value;
		using luabind::detail::by_reference;
		using luabind::detail::by_const_reference;
		using luabind::detail::by_pointer;
		using luabind::detail::by_const_pointer;

		no_t is_user_defined(...);
	}

	namespace detail
	{
		template<class T>
		struct is_user_defined
		{
			BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = 
				sizeof(luabind::converters::is_user_defined(LUABIND_DECORATE_TYPE(T))) == sizeof(yes_t));
		};

		LUABIND_API int implicit_cast(const class_rep* crep, LUABIND_TYPE_INFO const&, int& pointer_offset);
	}

//	 template<class T> class functor;
	 class weak_ref;
}

namespace luabind { namespace detail
{
	template<class>
	struct is_primitive;
/*
	template<class T>
	yes_t is_lua_functor_test(const functor<T>&);

#if defined(BOOST_MSVC) && (BOOST_MSVC <= 1300)
	no_t is_lua_functor_test(...);
#else
	template<class T>
	no_t is_lua_functor_test(const T&);
#endif

	template<class T>
	struct is_lua_functor
	{
		static T t;

		BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = sizeof(is_lua_functor_test(t)) == sizeof(yes_t));
	};
*/
	template<class H, class T>
	struct policy_cons
	{
		typedef H head;
		typedef T tail;

		template<class U>
		policy_cons<U, policy_cons<H,T> > operator,(policy_cons<U,detail::null_type>)
		{
			return policy_cons<U, policy_cons<H,T> >();
		}

		template<class U>
		policy_cons<U, policy_cons<H,T> > operator+(policy_cons<U,detail::null_type>)
		{
			return policy_cons<U, policy_cons<H,T> >();
		}

		template<class U>
		policy_cons<U, policy_cons<H,T> > operator|(policy_cons<U,detail::null_type>)
		{
			return policy_cons<U, policy_cons<H,T> >();
		}
	};

	struct indirection_layer
	{
		template<class T>
		indirection_layer(const T&);
	};

	yes_t is_policy_cons_test(const null_type&);
	template<class H, class T>
	yes_t is_policy_cons_test(const policy_cons<H,T>&);
	no_t is_policy_cons_test(...);

	template<class T>
	struct is_policy_cons
	{
		static const T& t;

		BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = 
			sizeof(is_policy_cons_test(t)) == sizeof(yes_t));

		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<value> type;
	};	

	template<bool>
	struct is_string_literal
	{
		static no_t helper(indirection_layer);
		static yes_t helper(const char*);
	};

	template<>
	struct is_string_literal<false>
	{
		static no_t helper(indirection_layer);
	};
	

	template<class T>
	struct is_primitive/*: boost::mpl::bool_c<false>*/ 
	{
		static T t;

		BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value =
				sizeof(is_string_literal<boost::is_array<T>::value>::helper(t)) == sizeof(yes_t));
	};

#define LUABIND_INTEGER_TYPE(type) \
	template<> struct is_primitive<type> : boost::mpl::true_ {}; \
	template<> struct is_primitive<type const> : boost::mpl::true_ {}; \
	template<> struct is_primitive<type const&> : boost::mpl::true_ {}; \
	template<> struct is_primitive<unsigned type> : boost::mpl::true_ {}; \
	template<> struct is_primitive<unsigned type const> : boost::mpl::true_ {}; \
	template<> struct is_primitive<unsigned type const&> : boost::mpl::true_ {};

	LUABIND_INTEGER_TYPE(char)
	LUABIND_INTEGER_TYPE(short)
	LUABIND_INTEGER_TYPE(int)
	LUABIND_INTEGER_TYPE(long)

	template<> struct is_primitive<signed char> : boost::mpl::true_ {}; \
	template<> struct is_primitive<signed char const> : boost::mpl::true_ {}; \
	template<> struct is_primitive<signed char const&> : boost::mpl::true_ {}; \
	
#undef LUABIND_INTEGER_TYPE
	
	template<> struct is_primitive<luabind::weak_ref>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<const luabind::weak_ref>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<const luabind::weak_ref&>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	
	template<> struct is_primitive<float>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<double>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<long double>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<char*>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<bool>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};

	template<> struct is_primitive<const float>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<const double>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<const long double>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<const char*>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<const char* const>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<const bool>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};

	// TODO: add more
	template<> struct is_primitive<const float&>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<const double&>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<const long double&>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<const bool&>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};

	template<> struct is_primitive<const std::string&>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<std::string>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};
	template<> struct is_primitive<const std::string>: boost::mpl::bool_<true> {};


	template<class Direction> struct primitive_converter;
	
	template<>
	struct primitive_converter<cpp_to_lua>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef primitive_converter type;
		
		void apply(lua_State* L, int v) { lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)v); }
		void apply(lua_State* L, short v) { lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)v); }
		void apply(lua_State* L, char v) { lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)v); }
		void apply(lua_State* L, long v) { lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)v); }
		void apply(lua_State* L, unsigned int v) { lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)v); }
		void apply(lua_State* L, unsigned short v) { lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)v); }
		void apply(lua_State* L, unsigned char v) { lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)v); }
		void apply(lua_State* L, unsigned long v) { lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)v); }
		void apply(lua_State* L, float v) { lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)v); }
		void apply(lua_State* L, double v) { lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)v); }
		void apply(lua_State* L, long double v) { lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)v); }
		void apply(lua_State* L, const char* v) 
		{ 
			if (v)
			{
				lua_pushstring(L, v); 
			}
			else
			{
				lua_pushnil(L);
			}
		}
		void apply(lua_State* L, const std::string& v)
		{ lua_pushlstring(L, v.data(), v.size()); }
		void apply(lua_State* L, bool b) { lua_pushboolean(L, b); }
	};

	template<>
	struct primitive_converter<lua_to_cpp>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef primitive_converter type;

		#define PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(prim) \
			prim apply(lua_State* L, luabind::detail::by_const_reference<prim>, int index) { return apply(L, detail::by_value<prim>(), index); } \
			prim apply(lua_State* L, luabind::detail::by_value<const prim>, int index) { return apply(L, detail::by_value<prim>(), index); } \
			prim apply(lua_State* L, luabind::detail::by_value<prim>, int index)

		#define PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(prim) \
			static int match(lua_State* L, luabind::detail::by_const_reference<prim>, int index) { return match(L, detail::by_value<prim>(), index); } \
			static int match(lua_State* L, luabind::detail::by_value<const prim>, int index) { return match(L, detail::by_value<prim>(), index); } \
			static int match(lua_State* L, luabind::detail::by_value<prim>, int index)

		PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(bool) { return lua_toboolean(L, index) == 1; }
		PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(bool) { if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TBOOLEAN) return 0; else return -1; }

		PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(int) { return static_cast<int>(lua_tonumber(L, index)); }
		PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(int) { if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER) return 0; else return -1; }

		PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(unsigned int) { return static_cast<unsigned int>(lua_tonumber(L, index)); }
		PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(unsigned int) { if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER) return 0; else return -1; }

		PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(char) { return static_cast<char>(lua_tonumber(L, index)); }
		PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(char) { if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER) return 0; else return -1; }

		PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(signed char) { return static_cast<char>(lua_tonumber(L, index)); }
		PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(signed char) { if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER) return 0; else return -1; }
		
		PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(unsigned char) { return static_cast<unsigned char>(lua_tonumber(L, index)); }
		PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(unsigned char) { if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER) return 0; else return -1; }

		PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(short) { return static_cast<short>(lua_tonumber(L, index)); }
		PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(short) { if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER) return 0; else return -1; }

		PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(unsigned short) { return static_cast<unsigned short>(lua_tonumber(L, index)); }
		PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(unsigned short) { if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER) return 0; else return -1; }

		PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(long) { return static_cast<long>(lua_tonumber(L, index)); }
		PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(long) { if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER) return 0; else return -1; }

		PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(unsigned long) { return static_cast<unsigned long>(lua_tonumber(L, index)); }
		PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(unsigned long) { if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER) return 0; else return -1; }

		PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(float) { return static_cast<float>(lua_tonumber(L, index)); }
		PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(float) { if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER) return 0; else return -1; }

		PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(double) { return static_cast<double>(lua_tonumber(L, index)); }
		PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(double) { if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER) return 0; else return -1; }

      PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(lua_State*) { return lua_tothread(L, index); }
      PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(lua_State*) { if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TTHREAD) return 0; else return -1; }

		PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(std::string)
		{ return std::string(lua_tostring(L, index), lua_strlen(L, index)); }
		PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(std::string) { if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TSTRING) return 0; else return -1; }

		PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER(luabind::weak_ref)
		{
			LUABIND_CHECK_STACK(L);
			return luabind::weak_ref(L, index);
		}

		PRIMITIVE_MATCHER(luabind::weak_ref) { (void)index; (void)L; return (std::numeric_limits<int>::max)() - 1; }
		
		const char* apply(lua_State* L, detail::by_const_pointer<char>, int index) 
		{
			return static_cast<const char*>(lua_tostring(L, index)); 
		}

		const char* apply(lua_State* L, detail::by_const_pointer<const char>, int index) 
		{ 
			return static_cast<const char*>(lua_tostring(L, index)); 
		}

		static int match(lua_State* L, by_const_pointer<char>, int index) 
		{ 
			return lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TSTRING
				|| lua_isnil(L, index) ? 0 : -1;
		}
		static int match(lua_State* L, by_const_pointer<const char>, int index) 
		{ 
			return lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TSTRING
				|| lua_isnil(L, index) ? 0 : -1;
		}

		template<class T>
		void converter_postcall(lua_State*, T, int) {}
		
		#undef PRIMITIVE_MATCHER
		#undef PRIMITIVE_CONVERTER
	};



// ********** user defined converter ***********

	template<class Direction> struct user_defined_converter;
	
	template<>
	struct user_defined_converter<lua_to_cpp>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef user_defined_converter type;
		
		template<class T>
		T apply(lua_State* L, detail::by_value<T>, int index) 
		{ 
			using namespace converters;
			return convert_lua_to_cpp(L, detail::by_value<T>(), index);
		}

		template<class T>
		T apply(lua_State* L, detail::by_reference<T>, int index) 
		{ 
			using namespace converters;
			return convert_lua_to_cpp(L, detail::by_reference<T>(), index);
		}

		template<class T>
		T apply(lua_State* L, detail::by_const_reference<T>, int index) 
		{ 
			using namespace converters;
			return convert_lua_to_cpp(L, detail::by_const_reference<T>(), index);
		}

		template<class T>
		T* apply(lua_State* L, detail::by_pointer<T>, int index) 
		{ 
			using namespace converters;
			return convert_lua_to_cpp(L, detail::by_pointer<T>(), index);
		}

		template<class T>
		const T* apply(lua_State* L, detail::by_const_pointer<T>, int index) 
		{ 
			using namespace converters;
			return convert_lua_to_cpp(L, detail::by_pointer<T>(), index);
		}

		template<class T>
		static int match(lua_State* L, T, int index)
		{
			using namespace converters;
			return match_lua_to_cpp(L, T(), index);
		}

		template<class T>
		void converter_postcall(lua_State*, T, int) {}
	};

	template<>
	struct user_defined_converter<cpp_to_lua>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef user_defined_converter type;

		template<class T>
		void apply(lua_State* L, const T& v) 
		{
			using namespace converters;
			convert_cpp_to_lua(L, v);
		}
	};

// ********** pointer converter ***********


	template<class Direction> struct pointer_converter;

	template<>
	struct pointer_converter<cpp_to_lua>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef pointer_converter type;
		
		template<class T>
		void apply(lua_State* L, T* ptr)
		{
			if (ptr == 0) 
			{
				lua_pushnil(L);
				return;
			}

			if (luabind::get_back_reference(L, ptr))
				return;

			class_rep* crep = get_class_rep<T>(L);

			// if you get caught in this assert you are
			// trying to use an unregistered type
			assert(crep && "you are trying to use an unregistered type");

			// create the struct to hold the object
			void* obj = lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(object_rep));
			//new(obj) object_rep(ptr, crep, object_rep::owner, destructor_s<T>::apply);
			new(obj) object_rep(ptr, crep, 0, 0);

			// set the meta table
			detail::getref(L, crep->metatable_ref());
			lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
		}
	};

	template<class T> struct make_pointer { typedef T* type; };
	template<>
	struct pointer_converter<lua_to_cpp>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef pointer_converter type;

		// TODO: does the pointer converter need this?!
		char target[32];
		void (*destructor)(void *);

		pointer_converter(): destructor(0) {}

		template<class T>
		typename make_pointer<T>::type apply(lua_State* L, by_pointer<T>, int index)
		{
			// preconditions:
			//	lua_isuserdata(L, index);
			// getmetatable().__lua_class is true
			// object_rep->flags() & object_rep::constant == 0

			if (lua_isnil(L, index)) return 0;
			
			object_rep* obj = static_cast<object_rep*>(lua_touserdata(L, index));
			assert((obj != 0) && "internal error, please report"); // internal error
			const class_rep* crep = obj->crep();

			T* ptr = reinterpret_cast<T*>(crep->convert_to(LUABIND_TYPEID(T), obj, target));

			if ((void*)ptr == (char*)target) destructor = detail::destruct_only_s<T>::apply;
			assert(!destructor || sizeof(T) <= 32);

			return ptr;
		}

		template<class T>
		static int match(lua_State* L, by_pointer<T>, int index)
		{
			if (lua_isnil(L, index)) return 0;
			object_rep* obj = is_class_object(L, index);
			if (obj == 0) return -1;
			// cannot cast a constant object to nonconst
			if (obj->flags() & object_rep::constant) return -1;

			if ((LUABIND_TYPE_INFO_EQUAL(obj->crep()->holder_type(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T))))
				return (obj->flags() & object_rep::constant)?-1:0;
			if ((LUABIND_TYPE_INFO_EQUAL(obj->crep()->const_holder_type(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T))))
				return (obj->flags() & object_rep::constant)?0:-1;

			int d;
			return implicit_cast(obj->crep(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T), d);
		}

		~pointer_converter()
		{
			if (destructor) destructor(target);
		}

		template<class T>
		void converter_postcall(lua_State*, by_pointer<T>, int) 
		{}
	};

// ******* value converter *******

	template<class Direction> struct value_converter;

	template<>
	struct value_converter<cpp_to_lua>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<true> is_value_converter;
		typedef value_converter type;

		template<class T>
		void apply(lua_State* L, const T& ref)
		{
			if (luabind::get_back_reference(L, ref))
				return;

			class_rep* crep = get_class_rep<T>(L);

			// if you get caught in this assert you are
			// trying to use an unregistered type
			assert(crep && "you are trying to use an unregistered type");

			void* obj_rep;
			void* held;

			boost::tie(obj_rep,held) = crep->allocate(L);

			void* object_ptr;
			void(*destructor)(void*);
			destructor = crep->destructor();
			int flags = object_rep::owner;
			if (crep->has_holder())
			{
				new(held) T(ref);
				object_ptr = held;
				if (LUABIND_TYPE_INFO_EQUAL(LUABIND_TYPEID(T), crep->const_holder_type()))
				{
					flags |= object_rep::constant;
					destructor = crep->const_holder_destructor();
				}
			}
			else
			{
				object_ptr = new T(ref);
			}
			new(obj_rep) object_rep(object_ptr, crep, flags, destructor);

			// set the meta table
			detail::getref(L, crep->metatable_ref());
			lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
		}
	};


	template<class T> struct make_const_reference { typedef const T& type; };

	template<class T>
	struct destruct_guard
	{
		T* ptr;
		bool dismiss;
		destruct_guard(T* p): ptr(p), dismiss(false) {}

		~destruct_guard()
		{
			if (!dismiss)
				ptr->~T();
		}
	};

	template<>
	struct value_converter<lua_to_cpp>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<true> is_value_converter;
		typedef value_converter type;

		template<class T>
		T apply(lua_State* L, by_value<T>, int index)
		{
			// preconditions:
			//	lua_isuserdata(L, index);
			// getmetatable().__lua_class is true
			// object_rep->flags() & object_rep::constant == 0

			object_rep* obj = 0;
			const class_rep* crep = 0;

			// special case if we get nil in, try to convert the holder type
			if (lua_isnil(L, index))
			{
				crep = get_class_rep<T>(L);
				assert(crep);
			}
			else
			{
				obj = static_cast<object_rep*>(lua_touserdata(L, index));
				assert((obj != 0) && "internal error, please report"); // internal error
				crep = obj->crep();
			}
			assert(crep);

			// TODO: align!
			char target[sizeof(T)];
			T* ptr = reinterpret_cast<T*>(crep->convert_to(LUABIND_TYPEID(T), obj, target));

			destruct_guard<T> guard(ptr);
			if ((void*)ptr != (void*)target) guard.dismiss = true;

			return *ptr;
		}

		template<class T>
		static int match(lua_State* L, by_value<T>, int index)
		{
			// special case if we get nil in, try to match the holder type
			if (lua_isnil(L, index))
			{
				class_rep* crep = get_class_rep<T>(L);
				if (crep == 0) return -1;
				if ((LUABIND_TYPE_INFO_EQUAL(crep->holder_type(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T))))
					return 0;
				if ((LUABIND_TYPE_INFO_EQUAL(crep->const_holder_type(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T))))
					return 0;
				return -1;
			}

			object_rep* obj = is_class_object(L, index);
			if (obj == 0) return -1;
			int d;

			if ((LUABIND_TYPE_INFO_EQUAL(obj->crep()->holder_type(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T))))
				return (obj->flags() & object_rep::constant)?-1:0;
			if ((LUABIND_TYPE_INFO_EQUAL(obj->crep()->const_holder_type(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T))))
				return (obj->flags() & object_rep::constant)?0:1;

			return implicit_cast(obj->crep(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T), d);	
		}

		template<class T>
		void converter_postcall(lua_State*, T, int) {}
	};

// ******* const pointer converter *******

	template<class Direction> struct const_pointer_converter;

	template<>
	struct const_pointer_converter<cpp_to_lua>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef const_pointer_converter type;
		
		template<class T>
		void apply(lua_State* L, const T* ptr)
		{
			if (ptr == 0) 
			{
				lua_pushnil(L);
				return;
			}

			if (luabind::get_back_reference(L, ptr))
				return;

			class_rep* crep = get_class_rep<T>(L);

			// if you get caught in this assert you are
			// trying to use an unregistered type
			assert(crep && "you are trying to use an unregistered type");

			// create the struct to hold the object
			void* obj = lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(object_rep));
			assert(obj && "internal error, please report");
			// we send 0 as destructor since we know it will never be called
			new(obj) object_rep(const_cast<T*>(ptr), crep, object_rep::constant, 0);

			// set the meta table
			detail::getref(L, crep->metatable_ref());
			lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
		}
	};


	template<class T> struct make_const_pointer { typedef const T* type; };
	template<>
	struct const_pointer_converter<lua_to_cpp>
		: private pointer_converter<lua_to_cpp>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef const_pointer_converter type;

		template<class T>
		typename make_const_pointer<T>::type apply(lua_State* L, by_const_pointer<T>, int index)
		{
			return pointer_converter<lua_to_cpp>::apply(L, by_pointer<T>(), index);
		}

		template<class T>
		static int match(lua_State* L, by_const_pointer<T>, int index)
		{
			if (lua_isnil(L, index)) return 0;
			object_rep* obj = is_class_object(L, index);
			if (obj == 0) return -1; // if the type is not one of our own registered types, classify it as a non-match

			if ((LUABIND_TYPE_INFO_EQUAL(obj->crep()->holder_type(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T))))
				return (obj->flags() & object_rep::constant)?-1:0;
			if ((LUABIND_TYPE_INFO_EQUAL(obj->crep()->const_holder_type(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T))))
				return (obj->flags() & object_rep::constant)?0:1;

            bool const_ = obj->flags() & object_rep::constant;
			int d;
			int points = implicit_cast(obj->crep(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T), d);
			return points == -1 ? -1 : points + !const_;
		}

		template<class T>
		void converter_postcall(lua_State* L, by_const_pointer<T>, int index) 
		{
			pointer_converter<lua_to_cpp>::converter_postcall(L, by_pointer<T>(), index);
		}
	};

// ******* reference converter *******

	template<class Direction> struct ref_converter;

	template<>
	struct ref_converter<cpp_to_lua>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef ref_converter type;
		
		template<class T>
		void apply(lua_State* L, T& ref)
		{
			if (luabind::get_back_reference(L, ref))
				return;

			class_rep* crep = get_class_rep<T>(L);

			// if you get caught in this assert you are
			// trying to use an unregistered type
			assert(crep && "you are trying to use an unregistered type");

			T* ptr = &ref;

			// create the struct to hold the object
			void* obj = lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(object_rep));
			assert(obj && "internal error, please report");
			new(obj) object_rep(ptr, crep, 0, 0);

			// set the meta table
			detail::getref(L, crep->metatable_ref());
			lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
		}
	};

	template<class T> struct make_reference { typedef T& type; };
	template<>
	struct ref_converter<lua_to_cpp>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef ref_converter type;
		
		template<class T>
		typename make_reference<T>::type apply(lua_State* L, by_reference<T>, int index)
		{
			assert(!lua_isnil(L, index));
			return *pointer_converter<lua_to_cpp>().apply(L, by_pointer<T>(), index);
		}

		template<class T>
		static int match(lua_State* L, by_reference<T>, int index)
		{
			if (lua_isnil(L, index)) return -1;
			return pointer_converter<lua_to_cpp>::match(L, by_pointer<T>(), index);
		}

		template<class T>
		void converter_postcall(lua_State*, T, int) {}
	};

// ******** const reference converter *********

	template<class Direction> struct const_ref_converter;

	template<>
	struct const_ref_converter<cpp_to_lua>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef const_ref_converter type;
		
		template<class T>
		void apply(lua_State* L, T const& ref)
		{
			if (luabind::get_back_reference(L, ref))
				return;

			class_rep* crep = get_class_rep<T>(L);

			// if you get caught in this assert you are
			// trying to use an unregistered type
			assert(crep && "you are trying to use an unregistered type");

			T const* ptr = &ref;

			// create the struct to hold the object
			void* obj = lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(object_rep));
			assert(obj && "internal error, please report");
			new(obj) object_rep(const_cast<T*>(ptr), crep, object_rep::constant, 0);

			// set the meta table
			detail::getref(L, crep->metatable_ref());
			lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
		}
	};

	template<>
	struct const_ref_converter<lua_to_cpp>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef const_ref_converter type;

		// TODO: align!
		char target[32];
		void (*destructor)(void*);

		const_ref_converter(): destructor(0) {}

		template<class T>
		typename make_const_reference<T>::type apply(lua_State* L, by_const_reference<T>, int index)
		{
			object_rep* obj = 0;
			class_rep const * crep = 0;

			// special case if we get nil in, try to convert the holder type
			if (lua_isnil(L, index))
			{
				crep = get_class_rep<T>(L);
				assert(crep);
			}
			else
			{
				obj = static_cast<object_rep*>(lua_touserdata(L, index));
				assert((obj != 0) && "internal error, please report"); // internal error
				crep = obj->crep();
			}
			assert(crep);

			T* ptr = reinterpret_cast<T*>(crep->convert_to(LUABIND_TYPEID(T), obj, target));
			// if the pointer returned points into the converter storage,
			// we need to destruct it once the converter destructs
			if ((void*)ptr == (void*)target) destructor = detail::destruct_only_s<T>::apply;
			assert(!destructor || sizeof(T) <= 32);

			return *ptr;
		}

		template<class T>
		static int match(lua_State* L, by_const_reference<T>, int index)
		{
			// special case if we get nil in, try to match the holder type
			if (lua_isnil(L, index))
			{
				class_rep* crep = get_class_rep<T>(L);
				if (crep == 0) return -1;
				if ((LUABIND_TYPE_INFO_EQUAL(crep->holder_type(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T))))
					return 0;
				if ((LUABIND_TYPE_INFO_EQUAL(crep->const_holder_type(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T))))
					return 0;
				return -1;
			}

			object_rep* obj = is_class_object(L, index);
			if (obj == 0) return -1; // if the type is not one of our own registered types, classify it as a non-match

			if ((LUABIND_TYPE_INFO_EQUAL(obj->crep()->holder_type(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T))))
				return (obj->flags() & object_rep::constant)?-1:0;
			if ((LUABIND_TYPE_INFO_EQUAL(obj->crep()->const_holder_type(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T))))
				return (obj->flags() & object_rep::constant)?0:1;

            bool const_ = obj->flags() & object_rep::constant;
			int d;
			int points = implicit_cast(obj->crep(), LUABIND_TYPEID(T), d);
			return points == -1 ? -1 : points + !const_;
		}

		~const_ref_converter()
		{
			if (destructor) destructor(target);
		}

		template<class T>
		void converter_postcall(lua_State* L, by_const_reference<T>, int index) 
		{
		}
	};

	// ****** enum converter ********

	template<class Direction = cpp_to_lua>
	struct enum_converter
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef enum_converter type;
		
		void apply(lua_State* L, int val)
		{
			lua_pushnumber(L, val);
		}
	};

	template<>
	struct enum_converter<lua_to_cpp>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef enum_converter type;
		
		template<class T>
		T apply(lua_State* L, by_value<T>, int index)
		{
			return static_cast<T>(static_cast<int>(lua_tonumber(L, index)));
		}
		
		template<class T>
		static int match(lua_State* L, by_value<T>, int index)
		{
			if (lua_isnumber(L, index)) return 0; else return -1;
		}

		template<class T>
		void converter_postcall(lua_State*, T, int) {}
	};
/*
	// ****** functor converter ********

	template<class Direction> struct functor_converter;

	template<>
	struct functor_converter<lua_to_cpp>
	{
		typedef functor_converter type;
		
		template<class T>
		functor<T> apply(lua_State* L, by_const_reference<functor<T> >, int index)
		{
			if (lua_isnil(L, index))
				return functor<T>();

			lua_pushvalue(L, index);
			detail::lua_reference ref;
			ref.set(L);
			return functor<T>(L, ref);
		}

		template<class T>
		functor<T> apply(lua_State* L, by_value<functor<T> >, int index)
		{
			if (lua_isnil(L, index))
				return functor<T>();

			lua_pushvalue(L, index);
			detail::lua_reference ref;
			ref.set(L);
			return functor<T>(L, ref);
		}

		template<class T>
		static int match(lua_State* L, by_const_reference<functor<T> >, int index)
		{
			if (lua_isfunction(L, index) || lua_isnil(L, index)) return 0; else return -1;
		}

		template<class T>
		static int match(lua_State* L, by_value<functor<T> >, int index)
		{
			if (lua_isfunction(L, index) || lua_isnil(L, index)) return 0; else return -1;
		}

		template<class T>
		void converter_postcall(lua_State*, T, int) {}
	};
*/

	template<class Direction>
	struct value_wrapper_converter;

	template<>
	struct value_wrapper_converter<lua_to_cpp>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef value_wrapper_converter type;

		template<class T>
		T apply(lua_State* L, by_const_reference<T>, int index)
		{
			return T(from_stack(L, index));
		}

		template<class T>
		T apply(lua_State* L, by_value<T>, int index)
		{
			return apply(L, by_const_reference<T>(), index);
		}

		template<class T>
		static int match(lua_State* L, by_const_reference<T>, int index)
		{
			return value_wrapper_traits<T>::check(L, index) 
                ? (std::numeric_limits<int>::max)() / LUABIND_MAX_ARITY
                : -1;
		}

		template<class T>
		static int match(lua_State* L, by_value<T>, int index)
		{
			return match(L, by_const_reference<T>(), index);
		}

		void converter_postcall(...) {}
	};

	template<>
	struct value_wrapper_converter<cpp_to_lua>
	{
		typedef boost::mpl::bool_<false> is_value_converter;
		typedef value_wrapper_converter type;

    	template<class T>
        void apply(lua_State* interpreter, T const& value_wrapper)
		{
			value_wrapper_traits<T>::unwrap(interpreter, value_wrapper);
        }
    };

// *********** default_policy *****************

	using boost::mpl::eval_if;

	struct default_policy : converter_policy_tag
	{
		BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, has_arg = true);

		template<class T>
		static void precall(lua_State*, T, int) {}

		template<class T, class Direction>
		struct apply
		  : eval_if<
				is_user_defined<T>
			  , user_defined_converter<Direction>
			  , eval_if<
    				is_value_wrapper_arg<T>
				  , value_wrapper_converter<Direction>
				  , eval_if<
						is_primitive<T>
					  , primitive_converter<Direction>
					  , eval_if<
//							is_lua_functor<T>
//						  , functor_converter<Direction>
//						  , eval_if<
								boost::is_enum<T>
							  , enum_converter<Direction>
							  , eval_if<
									is_nonconst_pointer<T>
								  , pointer_converter<Direction>
								  , eval_if<
										is_const_pointer<T>
									  , const_pointer_converter<Direction>
									  , eval_if<
											is_nonconst_reference<T>
										  , ref_converter<Direction>
										  , eval_if<
												is_const_reference<T>
											  , const_ref_converter<Direction>
											  , value_converter<Direction>
											>
										>
									>
								>
							>
//						>
					>
				>
		    >
		{
		};
	};

// ============== new policy system =================

	template<int, class> struct find_conversion_policy;

	template<bool IsConverter = false>
	struct find_conversion_impl
	{
		template<int N, class Policies>
		struct apply
		{
			typedef typename find_conversion_policy<N, typename Policies::tail>::type type;
		};
	};

	template<>
	struct find_conversion_impl<true>
	{
		template<int N, class Policies>
		struct apply
		{
			typedef typename Policies::head head;
			typedef typename Policies::tail tail;

			BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, found = (N == head::index));

			typedef typename
				boost::mpl::if_c<found
					, head
					, typename find_conversion_policy<N, tail>::type
				>::type type;
		};
	};

	template<class Policies>
	struct find_conversion_impl2
	{
		template<int N>
		struct apply
			: find_conversion_impl<
				boost::is_base_and_derived<conversion_policy_base, typename Policies::head>::value
			>::template apply<N, Policies>
		{
		};
	};

	template<>
	struct find_conversion_impl2<detail::null_type>
	{
		template<int N>
		struct apply
		{
			typedef default_policy type;
		};
	};

	template<int N, class Policies>
	struct find_conversion_policy : find_conversion_impl2<Policies>::template apply<N>
	{
	};

	template<class List>
	struct policy_list_postcall
	{
		typedef typename List::head head;
		typedef typename List::tail tail;

		static void apply(lua_State* L, const index_map& i)
		{
			head::postcall(L, i);
			policy_list_postcall<tail>::apply(L, i);
		}
	};

	template<>
	struct policy_list_postcall<detail::null_type>
	{
		static void apply(lua_State*, const index_map&) {}
	};

// ==================================================

// ************** precall and postcall on policy_cons *********************


	template<class List>
	struct policy_precall
	{
		typedef typename List::head head;
		typedef typename List::tail tail;

		static void apply(lua_State* L, int index)
		{
			head::precall(L, index);
			policy_precall<tail>::apply(L, index);
		}
	};

	template<>
	struct policy_precall<detail::null_type>
	{
		static void apply(lua_State*, int) {}
	};

	template<class List>
	struct policy_postcall
	{
		typedef typename List::head head;
		typedef typename List::tail tail;

		static void apply(lua_State* L, int index)
		{
			head::postcall(L, index);
			policy_postcall<tail>::apply(L, index);
		}
	};

	template<>
	struct policy_postcall<detail::null_type>
	{
		static void apply(lua_State*, int) {}
	};

}} // namespace luabind::detail


namespace luabind { namespace
{
#if defined(__BORLANDC__) || (BOOST_VERSION >= 103400 && defined(__GNUC__))
  static inline boost::arg<0> return_value()
  {
	  return boost::arg<0>();
  }

  static inline boost::arg<0> result()
  {
	  return boost::arg<0>();
  }
# define LUABIND_PLACEHOLDER_ARG(N) boost::arg<N>(*)()
#elif defined(BOOST_MSVC) || defined(__MWERKS__)
  static boost::arg<0> return_value;
  static boost::arg<0> result;
# define LUABIND_PLACEHOLDER_ARG(N) boost::arg<N>
#else
  boost::arg<0> return_value;
  boost::arg<0> result;
# define LUABIND_PLACEHOLDER_ARG(N) boost::arg<N>
#endif
}}

#endif // LUABIND_POLICY_HPP_INCLUDED
policy.hpp
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